Agent Skills Directory

Help users install and configure the mirrord Operator for team/enterprise environments. Use when users ask about operator setup, Helm installation, cloud API key or license configuration, air-gapped/offline licensing, enabling features (queue splitting, DB branching, preview environments, multi-cluster), internal registries, OpenShift/GKE Autopilot, RBAC, or multi-user mirrord deployments. Also use when an AI agent hits a Team or Enterprise feature on a cluster with no license and needs to offer the user a trial (agent-started trial; the trial is Enterprise tier).

Help users create and manage mirrord preview environments — running a modified service as an isolated pod in a shared Kubernetes cluster, scoped by an environment key and HTTP/queue traffic filtering, so teams can validate and review changes against real traffic without affecting live services. Use when a developer wants to run "mirrord preview" ad hoc, share a preview via a link (mirrord-share-ingress), or wire preview environments into CI with the metalbear-co/mirrord-preview GitHub Action (e.g. per-PR previews, least-privilege cluster access).

Scans a live Kubernetes environment with `mirrord dump` to find an identifier mirrord can filter traffic on: a header, a `baggage` or `tracestate` member, a tenant or user id, a trace id (W3C, B3, X-Ray, Google, Jaeger), a JWT claim, a cookie, a path segment, or a JSON body field that is present on every hop of a request chain, unique to one developer's traffic, and settable by that developer. Runs mirror-only dumps on each service, sends a tagged probe request at the edge or observes real traffic, scores the candidates, and produces the matching `http_filter` (regex, jq on headers, path, method, body, or combinations) plus a per-hop report of where each identifier is dropped. Installs the mirrord CLI through a package manager when it is missing. Use when the user asks what to filter on, whether the cluster already propagates a request id or trace context, how to isolate their own requests on a shared staging cluster, how to filter on a JWT or cookie with mirrord, or wants to inspect live traffic with mirrord dump. Changes no application code: propagation gaps go to the mirrord-header-propagation skill.

Guide users from zero to their first working mirrord session — check system requirements, install mirrord via CLI, VS Code, or IntelliJ, run a first session against a Kubernetes target, and verify the connection. Use when a user is new to mirrord, wants to install it, needs help running their first session, or wants to debug or test a local process against their Kubernetes cluster.

Helps DevOps engineers configure mirrord Operator's Temporal task queue splitting feature end-to-end. Generates the MirrordSplitConfig and MirrordPropertyList Kubernetes CRD YAMLs, the matching mirrord.json split_queues section with message_filter and jq_filter, and Helm value guidance. Use this skill whenever the user mentions Temporal splitting with mirrord, Temporal task queue splitting, splitting a Temporal worker, configuring mirrord with Temporal or Temporal Cloud, routing Temporal workflow or activity tasks to a local worker, or troubleshooting Temporal splitting sessions. Also trigger on split_queues with queue_type Temporal, or connecting mirrord to a Temporal frontend. This is an alpha Team/Enterprise feature of mirrord.

Helps users run multiple concurrent mirrord sessions from a single mirrord-up.yaml (compose-style multi-service local debugging). Use when the user mentions mirrord up, mirrord-up.yaml, mirrord up init, debugging several related microservices together, or managing multiple mirrord sessions' lifecycle in one command.

Predict protein structure for monomers and multimers with AlphaFold2 via the ColabFold runner (Mirdita et al. 2022, github.com/sokrypton/ColabFold; AlphaFold2 Jumper et al. 2021). Reach for this skill to fold a sequence or complex with the AF2/AF2-Multimer evoformer, to validate designed sequences by self-consistency pLDDT, ipTM, and RMSD, or to run a quick MSA-backed prediction using the public MMseqs2 server.

Structure prediction for protein, nucleic-acid, and small-molecule complexes with Boltz-2 (Passaro & Wohlwend et al. 2025, github.com/jwohlwend/boltz). Reach for this skill to validate designed binders against a target, to co-fold a protein with a SMILES or CCD ligand, or to get an open-source AlphaFold3 alternative with optional binding-affinity prediction.

Predict genome-wide functional tracks (RNA-seq, CAGE, DNase, ChIP) from DNA sequence with Borzoi. Use this skill when: (1) Scoring the regulatory effect of a variant on expression/accessibility, (2) Generating predicted coverage tracks for a locus, (3) Prioritising non-coding variants by predicted track delta.

Structure prediction for protein, nucleic-acid, and small-molecule complexes with the Chai-1 foundation model (Chai Discovery 2024, github.com/chaidiscovery/chai-lab). Reach for this skill to predict an antibody-antigen or protein-ligand complex from a single FASTA, to re-fold designed binders as an AlphaFold-multimer alternative, or to drive co-folding from Python for batched campaigns on a GPU.

Prepare reproducible setup instructions and validate a user-managed named software environment on an Open-Science SSH Compute Host, including direct SSH and Slurm hosts. Use when a remote job needs packages, modules, cache variables, or a repeatable activation that the host does not already provide.

Use when the user wants to create or manage a Specialist agent or create, revise, publish, or delete a Skill through the conversational `/Customize` entry. Routes Skill work to the internal skill-creator and handles Specialist work through the JavaScript host.agents SDK.

Predict small-molecule binding poses with DiffDock-L (Corso et al. 2023/2024, github.com/gcorso/DiffDock) — blind diffusion docking that places a ligand into a protein pocket without a predefined search box and ranks the samples with a learned confidence model. Reach for this skill to dock a SMILES or SDF against a PDB, to generate ranked 3D poses for a small fragment library, or to get a starting pose for downstream rescoring. DiffDock predicts geometry, not affinity.

Use when a notebook run fails on a missing package (ImportError, ModuleNotFoundError, "there is no package called"), when you need to inspect an installed package version, or when you need to install, add, or manage Python or R packages for the notebook runtime. Covers inspect_packages, routing Python vs R through manage_packages, why in-cell %pip/!pip/install.packages() and OS installers are forbidden, restarting the kernel after an install, and when to stop and ask the user.

Biohub ESMFold2 / ESMFold2-Fast all-atom co-folding (Candido et al. 2026, github.com/Biohub/esm). Single-sequence and MSA modes; protein, DNA, RNA, ligand (CCD/SMILES), modified residues. FoldBench Ab-Ag 50-55%, PPI 70-77% DockQ-pass. Also covers the ESMC-{300M,600M,6B} protein language models from the same release: masked-LM logits, hidden states, mutation scoring, contact prediction, and the SAE interpretability head. MIT-licensed weights on HuggingFace org `biohub`. Use this skill when: (1) Predicting complex structures with single-sequence input, (2) Validating designed binders with ESMFold2-Fast, (3) Running ESMFold2 with MSA input, (4) Getting ESMC embeddings or per-residue mutation scores, (5) Choosing kernel backend and sampling-step settings for paper-faithful throughput.

Score, embed, and generate DNA sequences with Evo 2, a long-context genomic foundation model. Use this skill when: (1) Computing per-nucleotide or per-sequence likelihoods for variant effect scoring, (2) Embedding genomic windows for downstream classification, (3) Generating DNA conditioned on a prefix, (4) Scoring regulatory or coding regions across species.

Embed proteins with Meta AI's ESM-2 (`fair-esm` package). Use this skill when: (1) Extracting per-residue or per-sequence embeddings for downstream ML, (2) Masked-LM likelihood / mutation effect scoring, (3) Contact prediction from a sequence.

Compose one publication-grade multi-panel figure. Start from a one-line claim plus immutable data Artifact Version references, or inspect an existing figure and draft its outline directly. Plan a 12-column panel outline, delegate one worker per panel, compose and inspect the result, then run at most three adversarial review rounds while regenerating only affected panels. For a standalone plot use `figure-style`; for whole-paper figure ordering use `paper-narrative`.

Publication-grade correctness and legibility rules for final-deliverable scientific figures, not exploratory plots. Use for a figure that will ship in a report, paper, export, or kept artifact. Covers data fidelity, label economy, color threading, chart choice, layout, and render-then-verify QA without imposing a visual house style. For multi-panel composition use `figure-composer`; for whole-paper ordering use `paper-narrative`.

Generate a therapeutic indication dossier. Covers the patient population, epidemiology, disease biology, standard of care, regulatory precedent, and landmark clinical trials.

Inverse-fold a backbone with ligand, nucleic-acid, and metal context using LigandMPNN (Dauparas et al. 2023, github.com/dauparas/LigandMPNN). Reach for this skill to redesign the residues lining a binding pocket around a bound small molecule or cofactor, to design metal-coordinating sites where the geometry must be respected, or to get threaded designed-sequence PDBs out of any MPNN run.

Find, verify, and synthesize scientific literature — from "what's the seminal paper for X" through full multi-source reviews. Covers grounding claims in real retrieved sources, avoiding fabricated citations, handling retractions, and calibrating confidence to evidence strength.

Structure prediction using OpenFold3, an open-weights PyTorch reproduction of AlphaFold3 from the AlQuraishi Lab. Use this skill when predicting protein/nucleic-acid/ligand complex structures with an Apache-2.0-licensed AF3 reimplementation.

Judge and reshape the story told by an entire paper figure deck. Use when writing or revising a paper to derive a grounded brief from the manuscript and captions, review the full deck as a handling editor, and hand an ordered figure arc to `figure-composer`.

Inverse-fold a protein backbone (PDB structure) into amino-acid sequence with ProteinMPNN (Dauparas et al. 2022, github.com/dauparas/ProteinMPNN). Reach for this skill to run sequence design on RFdiffusion backbones, to redesign one chain of a PDB while holding interface residues fixed, or to generate a temperature-swept set of sequences for downstream folding.

Evaluate and use SSH Remote Compute before choosing where to run GPU, high-memory, parallel, batch, model-inference, bioinformatics, or other long-running scientific work; supports short remote commands and asynchronous jobs with automatic harvest and analysis.

Embed and annotate single-cell expression data with scGPT, a foundation model for single-cell biology. Use this skill when: (1) Producing cell embeddings from an AnnData for clustering/integration, (2) Zero-shot or fine-tuned cell-type annotation, (3) Gene-level representation for perturbation/GRN tasks. For probabilistic single-cell models (scVI etc.), use the scvi-tools library.

Probabilistic single-cell RNA-seq with scvi-tools — scVI for a batch-corrected latent space, scANVI for semi-supervised label transfer, and Bayesian differential expression. Reach for this skill to integrate scRNA-seq batches, embed cells for clustering, transfer annotations from a reference onto a query, or score differentially expressed genes per cluster. For spatial deconvolution / mapping use the cell2location, DestVI, or Tangram methods instead.

Inspect Open-Science's JavaScript control REPL, discover managed Project files, Sessions, and Agent Frames, and safely feature-gate host.* calls with host.capabilities(). Use when an Agent needs to discover available host APIs, locate an Artifact or Upload Version, diagnose a Session, or read a Frame transcript in the current Project.

Create, revise, evaluate, publish, and improve Open-Science Skills through the native JavaScript host.skills composer. Use when the user wants a reusable workflow, an existing Skill changed, test cases or benchmarks for a Skill, or better Skill triggering.

Inverse-fold a backbone with SolubleMPNN — ProteinMPNN retrained on a soluble-PDB subset (Dauparas et al. 2022) — for sequences biased toward cytosolic expression and reduced aggregation. Reach for this skill when designs from vanilla ProteinMPNN are aggregating or going to inclusion bodies, when redesigning a membrane-adjacent fold for soluble expression, or when an E. coli expression screen is the next step.

Replicate the 7 programmatic SEO plays that took Zapier, Clay, Composio, Gamma, Mintlify, HeyGen and HubSpot to

End-to-end Android APK red-team pipeline — automated APK acquisition (Play Store + apkpure + apkmirror fallback), jadx decompilation, secret/URL/JWT/Firebase grep, pinned-cert extraction, exported-component enumeration, Frida runtime instrumentation templates, intent-injection probes. Built from an authorized external red-team engagement where 7 APKs were pulled manually, 4 download attempts truncated, and a hardcoded JWT + 30 internal API endpoints were recovered from one of the apps. Use when target has a mobile app catalogue (Play Store developer page), when you find an APK URL hosted on a web server, or when post-recon mentions "mobile app" in scope.

Local-tooling companion to the bug-bounty orchestrator — carries the SAME complete bug-bounty workflow, but reach for THIS variant when you also need to resolve where tools, wordlists, and clones are installed on the local machine (jhaddix, SecLists, trufflehog, ffuf, dalfox, ghauri); for pure orchestration/routing use the bug-bounty skill. Workflow it covers — recon (subdomain enumeration, asset discovery, fingerprinting, HackerOne scope, source code audit), pre-hunt learning (disclosed reports, tech stack research, mind maps, threat modeling), vulnerability hunting (IDOR, SSRF, XSS, auth bypass, CSRF, race conditions, SQLi, XXE, file upload, business logic, GraphQL, HTTP smuggling, cache poisoning, OAuth, timing side-channels, OIDC, SSTI, subdomain takeover, cloud misconfig, ATO chains, agentic AI), LLM/AI security testing (chatbot IDOR, prompt injection, indirect injection, ASCII smuggling, exfil channels, RCE via code tools, system prompt extraction, ASI01-ASI10), A-to-B bug chaining (IDOR→auth bypass, SSRF→cloud metadata, XSS→ATO, open redirect→OAuth theft, S3→bundle→secret→OAuth), bypass tables (SSRF IP bypass, open redirect bypass, file upload bypass), language-specific grep (JS prototype pollution, Python pickle, PHP type juggling, Go template.HTML, Ruby YAML.load, Rust unwrap), and reporting (7-Question Gate, 4 validation gates, human-tone writing, templates by vuln class, CVSS 3.1, PoC generation, always-rejected list, conditional chain table, submission checklist). Use when you need the local install path of a tool / wordlist / clone for a hunt, or as the full-workflow variant when operating from this local toolkit; for general routing use the bug-bounty skill. 中文触发词：漏洞赏金、安全测试、渗透测试、漏洞挖掘、信息收集、子域名枚举、XSS测试、SQL注入、SSRF、安全审计、漏洞报告

Use at the START of any bug bounty hunting session, when switching targets, or when feeling lost about what to do next. Master orchestrator that combines the 5-phase non-linear hunting workflow with the critical thinking framework (developer psychology, anomaly detection, What-If experiments). Routes to all other skills based on current hunting phase. Also use when asking "what should I do next" or "where am I in the process."

Complete bug bounty workflow — recon (subdomain enumeration, asset discovery, fingerprinting, HackerOne scope, source code audit), pre-hunt learning (disclosed reports, tech stack research, mind maps, threat modeling), vulnerability hunting (IDOR, SSRF, XSS, auth bypass, CSRF, race conditions, SQLi, XXE, file upload, business logic, GraphQL, HTTP smuggling, cache poisoning, OAuth, timing side-channels, OIDC, SSTI, subdomain takeover, cloud misconfig, ATO chains, agentic AI), LLM/AI security testing (chatbot IDOR, prompt injection, indirect injection, ASCII smuggling, exfil channels, RCE via code tools, system prompt extraction, ASI01-ASI10), A-to-B bug chaining (IDOR→auth bypass, SSRF→cloud metadata, XSS→ATO, open redirect→OAuth theft, S3→bundle→secret→OAuth), bypass tables (SSRF IP bypass, open redirect bypass, file upload bypass), language-specific grep (JS prototype pollution, Python pickle, PHP type juggling, Go template.HTML, Ruby YAML.load, Rust unwrap), and reporting (7-Question Gate, 4 validation gates, human-tone writing, templates by vuln class, CVSS 3.1, PoC generation, always-rejected list, conditional chain table, submission checklist). Use for ANY bug bounty task — starting a new target, doing recon, hunting specific vulns, auditing source code, testing AI features, validating findings, or writing reports. 中文触发词：漏洞赏金、安全测试、渗透测试、漏洞挖掘、信息收集、子域名枚举、XSS测试、SQL注入、SSRF、安全审计、漏洞报告

Bugcrowd-specific reporting tactics complementing report-writing: VRT category search-and-fallback strategy when no exact match exists, manual severity override when VRT defaults underrate impact, severity-request paragraph as first body section, OOS-clause rebuttal templates (rate limiting on auth-flow endpoints, debug-info framing, user-enumeration with sensitive PII, theoretical-issue counter), chained-finding cross-reference patterns, target selection for QA-vs-prod programs, researcher-side hygiene (Bugcrowdninja email alias, account state restoration, friendly-tester posture). Use when filing a Bugcrowd submission, when VRT default seems wrong, when triager closes as OOS or downgrades severity, when chaining linked submissions, or when scope distinguishes production from QA. Pairs with report-writing and triage-validation.

Cloud IAM red-team attack chain across AWS, Azure, GCP — focused on EXTERNAL exploitation paths and post-credential-discovery privilege analysis. Covers IAM enumeration (aws iam, az role, gcloud iam), STS/AssumeRole chaining, Azure Managed Identity abuse (via SSRF/leak), GCP service account JSON abuse, IMDSv1/v2 attacks via SSRF, K8s ServiceAccount token privilege analysis once held (token discovery / cluster exposure is owned by hunt-k8s), role-trust-policy confused-deputy, cross-account assume-role enumeration, IAM privilege escalation patterns (24+ AWS, 8+ Azure, 6+ GCP), and AWS Cognito Identity Pool unauthenticated-role attack chain (GetId → GetCredentialsForIdentity → IAM role abuse). Built for the case where recon yields a credential (key, JSON, token) and you need to know what it grants and how to escalate. Use when an AWS key / Azure secret / GCP service account JSON / K8s SA token surfaces from a code repo, JS bundle, APK, breach corpus, or SSRF chain.

External SSL VPN / remote-access appliance attack matrix — Cisco ASA/AnyConnect, Fortinet FortiGate/FortiOS, Citrix NetScaler/ADC, Palo Alto GlobalProtect, Pulse Secure / Ivanti Connect Secure, SonicWall, F5 Big-IP. Covers version fingerprinting, CVE matrix (2018-2026), AAA backend identification, default credentials, configuration-disclosure paths, pre-auth RCE/SSRF/path-traversal exploits where applicable. Built from authorized-engagement Cisco ASA testing plus 2024-2026 enterprise VPN CVE landscape. Use whenever the target's perimeter exposes any SSL VPN appliance or remote-access gateway — these are the most common initial-access points in 2024-2026 actor TTPs.

Evidence-capture and PoC-redaction discipline for bug-bounty submissions: cookie redaction protocol (which fields to mask, Preview annotation / Burp panel hiding / DevTools workflow), PII black-bar discipline (what to mask in other-user data — names, emails, phones, faces — vs what is safe to leave — usernames, trace IDs, request bodies), HAR file sanitization (jq filters for Cookie/Set-Cookie/Authorization headers), Burp Repeater/Intruder screenshot hygiene (hide request body, show only Results table for rate-limit attacks), Chrome DevTools Console PoC patterns (credentials include so cookies are not echoed, labeled console.log), screenshot capture order, filename conventions, post-submission rotation hygiene. Use BEFORE any PoC screenshot, BEFORE attaching a HAR, or whenever preparing evidence with session cookies or other-user PII. Pairs with bugcrowd-reporting and report-writing.

Hunt API security misconfiguration — mass assignment, prototype pollution, HTTP verb tampering. Mass assignment: send {is_admin:true, role:admin, verified:true} on profile/account/reset endpoints — server blindly applies. JWT signature/crypto forging (alg:none, key confusion, kid/jku) is owned by hunt-jwt-crypto; this skill covers only non-crypto JWT handling. Prototype pollution: __proto__ injection in JSON merge / Object.assign / lodash _.merge → polluted prototype reaches sink (RCE in Node, XSS in browser). HTTP verb: GET-bypass-CSRF, X-HTTP-Method-Override, TRACE enabled. Detection: API responses with extra fields, JWTs in headers (decode at jwt.io). CORS misconfiguration (reflect-any-origin, null origin, subdomain-regex bypass, postMessage) is owned by hunt-cors. Use when hunting API misconfigs, mass-assignment, prototype pollution (JWT crypto → hunt-jwt-crypto).

Hunt ASP.NET-specific surface — ViewState deserialization (signed-only vs encrypted), machineKey recovery, dual-parser MAC-bypass anti-pattern, request-validator bypass, trace.axd/elmah.axd disclosure, load-balanced ViewState cross-node failures, SafeControl enumeration via reflection, customErrors mode=Off stack-trace leaks, classic Webforms .aspx/.asmx/.svc surface. Built for ASP.NET Webforms + WCF + SharePoint farms.

Hunt account takeover taxonomy — 9 distinct paths to ATO, plus chains. Paths: (1) password reset flaws (host-header injection redirects token, predictable/numeric token, Referer leak, no-expiry/reuse), (2) email change without re-auth, (3) OAuth account-link CSRF, (4) MFA bypass (per hunt-mfa-bypass), (5) session fixation, (6) JWT manipulation (forge token to another identity; crypto details → hunt-jwt-crypto), (7) password change without step-up (chain with login timing/length oracle), (8) social-recovery / security-question brute-force, (9) SSO subdomain takeover at OAuth redirect_uri. Chains: cookie theft + password oracle + no step-up = persistent ATO; lax redirect_uri = auth-code theft; dangling-CNAME takeover at redirect_uri = ATO. Validate: demonstrate real takeover of test account B from attacker A's session; OOB/Collaborator confirm blind token-leak steps. Use when hunting ATO chains, testing password reset / email change / MFA / OAuth / session / JWT, or chaining primitives toward Critical.

Hunting skill for auth bypass vulnerabilities. Built from 12 public bug bounty reports across SAML XSW / parser-differential (GitHub Enterprise CVE-2025-25291/25292), SAML signature stripping (Uber, Rocket.Chat, samlify CVE-2025-47949), SAML domain enforcement bypass via control characters (HackerOne 2024), partner-portal cross-IdP assertion reuse (Slack), WordPress XMLRPC bypassing SSO (Uber), JWT alg-confusion HS256/RS256 (Jitsi), JWT signature-validation skip (Linktree, Newspack), and token-audience confusion (Argo CD CVE-2023-22482). For standalone JWT signature/crypto forging (alg:none, key confusion, kid/jku) see hunt-jwt-crypto; this skill covers JWT only inside SSO/SAML/token-trust bypass chains. SAML assertion-layer attacks (XSW, comment injection, signature stripping, XXE-in-assertion) are owned by hunt-saml; this skill owns the broader cross-protocol auth-bypass taxonomy. Use when hunting auth bypass — see the Legacy-Protocol Matrix for branded-UI vs legacy-endpoint patterns.

Hunt Missing/Weak Rate Limiting — login brute force, OTP/2FA brute force (10^6 keyspace), password-reset-token brute, credential stuffing, username/email enumeration via error-string / status-code / timing differences, weak password policy, missing CAPTCHA (CAPTCHA token replay / single-use / concurrency-window bypass specifics → hunt-captcha-bypass), IP-based rate-limit bypass via X-Forwarded-For and friends, ReDoS. Distinguishes hard lockout vs soft IP-throttle vs CAPTCHA-injection vs silent shadow-throttling (avoids false-negative 'no rate limit' conclusions). Medium to Critical depending on what the brute reaches (OTP→ATO = Critical).

Hunting skill for business logic vulnerabilities. Built from 12 public bug bounty reports. Covers coupon-race-stacking (Instacart, Stripe, Reverb), negative-quantity-in-cart price tampering (Upserve, Eternal/Zomato), decimal/fraction price-field overflow (Shipt), client-side checkout amount trust on PayPal redirect (WordPress.org), price-per-unit mass-assignment (Krisp), and archived-price swap / cart-TOCTOU (Stripe). Use when hunting business logic — heavy emphasis on financial-impact-demonstrated cases.

Hunting skill for cache poison vulnerabilities. Built from 10 public bug bounty reports including X-Forwarded-Host poisoning, X-HTTP-Method-Override / GCS cache, reflected→stored XSS via cache, classic Omer-Gil Web Cache Deception, Cloudflare Cache Deception Armor bypass, session-token cache deception, Akamai hop-by-hop smuggling → server-side edge poisoning, and Kettle's 2024 path-normalization WCD against Cloudflare/Fastly/GCP. Host/X-Forwarded-Host injection that reaches app logic (reset-link poisoning, routing SSRF, OAuth issuer) is owned by hunt-host-header; this skill owns the case where the poisoned response is CACHED and served to other users. Use when hunting cache poisoning, Web Cache Deception, CDN-fronted apps.

Hunt CAPTCHA Bypass — 6 distinct patterns: (1) CAPTCHA field simply omitted from the request (server-side validation absent), (2) CAPTCHA token replayed from a solved challenge (no single-use enforcement), (3) CAPTCHA response accepted on a different endpoint than it was solved on (no binding to action/session), (4) static or predictable CAPTCHA values accepted (e.g. '0', 'null', empty string), (5) audio/accessibility CAPTCHA trivially solvable programmatically, (6) CAPTCHA only enforced after N failures (first N requests bypass it). Detection: intercept a successful form submission, remove the CAPTCHA field entirely, replay — if it still succeeds, server-side validation is absent. Medium severity standalone; High when it removes the only rate-limit gate protecting a login, registration, or payment endpoint.